dset <- read.csv("psample.csv", header=TRUE) dset <- plm.data(dset,index = c("pref","year")) panel.fe <- plm(y ~ x1 + x2,data = dset, model = "within") summary(panel.fe) summary(fixef(panel.fe)) panel.re <- plm(y ~ x1 + x2,data = dset, model = "random") summary(panel.re) phtest(panel.fe,panel.re)